n the 1950s, a lesser-known experiment by Johns Hopkins researcher Curt Richter delivered a remarkable insight into the power of hope.
Richter placed domesticated rats into jars of water to observe how long they could swim before giving up. On average, the rats lasted about 15 minutes. But then something extraordinary happened. In a follow-up phase of the experiment, Richter would rescue the rats just as they were about to drown, allow them to rest briefly, and then place them back into the water.
The second time, the rats swam — not for 15 minutes — but for over 60 hours. That’s not a typo. From 15 minutes to 60 hours. The only difference? They had hope that rescue might come.